4th World Congress on
Gynecology and Obstetrics

Gynecology is a branch of medicine that deals with supervision of women specially during their pregnancy and childbirth. They also majorly focus on diagnosing and providing treatment to the diseases caused in female reproductive system. Other health issues of women where the Gynecologist are incline to help are hormone problems, infertility, menopause and birth control. A Gynecology doctor is defined as women’s reproductive health specialist. An Obstetricians major role is to supervision and care the women after the baby is delivered. They also help the gynecologist during the delivery. An Ob-gyn is a well trained doctor to take care of all these situations. However, with vary in time and change in time most of the women consult a OB-GYN at minimum of once in a year or some consider consulting their regular primary physicians.

The commencement of maternal-fetal medicine has been elevated from the introduction of numerous technologies which are useful to take care and supervise maternal-fetal health. Initially it is denoted as perinatal medicine by perceiving its growth in last 20 years the new name also was given to them. Maternal fetal medicine is a great contribution for the wellbeing of neonatal, focusing on their health and development a number of advanced and helpful technologies are initiating. Some of the recent technologies like identifying the fragments of cell free DNA of a fetal in a maternal circulation was made possible by prenatal screening with advancement in genomics and diagnosis and also it proved the utility of chromosomal microarrays. It is a useful technique because besides finding aneuploidies it  can also test for microduplications and microdeletions.

A women health is important to maintain the wellbeing of her baby. To give birth to a healthy baby successfully most of the women prefer to do regular exercise, to eat good food  and also by undergoing regular prenatal care. Advised to all women in order to avoid complications during pregnancy. During pregnancy the possibility of reducing the birth defects is by taking nutritious diet, this is also responsible for the healthy baby weight during birth and also for a  good development of fetal brain. Besides natural food consuming some prenatal vitamin supplements is also important because planning a three nutrient filled diet in routine is difficult job for a pregnant women, thus these vitamin supplements can fulfil their routine diet as well as they can supply the additional nutrition needed for a developing fetus. It is necessary to make good choices for better lifestyle during pregnancy because this should not create any bad impact on developing fetus. So, it is compulsorily advised to avoid consuming alcohol, smoking and using drugs.

Neonatology is a broad division comes under pediatrics which insist to provide medical care to infants specially newborns. The extensive Care is allocated to the premature and ill new-born infants. It is particularly established in hospitals and is generally followed in neonatal intensive care units. It is a high protection zone where special medical care is provided for infants with sepsis, low birth weight, pulmonary hypoplasia, prematurity, congenital malformation, and intrauterine growth restriction. Neonatal nurse practitioners are experienced nurses who are specialized in neonatal care. They can serve, scheme, advise, diagnose and execute the processes not beyond the scope of practice which are described by law of government where they live and the hospital where they work.

Clinical research in prenatal medicine  is a field  of healthcare science that establishes the efficacy of devices , treatment procedures, medications, diagnostic tools purposeful for prenatal care. These are also used for treatment, to relieve the symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of both fetus and the mother. Clinical practice is different from clinical research. In clinical research verifications and confirmations are saved to initiate a treatment whereas in clinical practice treatments are used which are already created. There will be four phase process for all clinical trials which involves new drug. The process in each phase has a drug approval procedure and it is considered as each trial.

Gynecologic oncology is an elaborated branch of medicine that majorly concentrates on cancers of the female reproductive system which includes uterine cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. Gynecologic oncologists are the specialist with immense knowledge and training to diagnose and treatment these kind of cancers. They serves as a lead in woman’s Gynecologic cancer care. It is highly important to seek advice from a Gynecologic oncologist prior to the start of the treatment so the best supervision and treatment can be provided based on the stage of the cancer. The European society of Gynecologic oncology and the society of Gynecologic oncology are the Gynecologic oncologist professional organization. For Gynecologic oncologist and other medical professionals who takes part in treating Gynecologic cancers. Gynecologic oncology group is the professional organization. To instruct woman about the signs, symptoms and also the significance of premature diagnosis Gynecologic cancer awareness and ovarian cancer awareness are declared on the month of September .

A few babies have problems with their body parts and organs when they are still in the womb and also some difficulties in how they work, how the mechanism of changing food into energy works in their body, these health-related problems of the fetal is known as birth defects. Reaching the serious kind of birth defects from the minor ones which is consider as a disability or needs medical or surgical treatment and can be cured easily without treatments respectively thus the birth defects are 4000 different types or more than that. Structural birth defect is defined as a baby born with any body part malformed or  missing. The most common type of structural effect is heart defects. Some other common birth defects are cleft palate, congenital dislocated hip, spina bifida, clubfoot. If there is any problem in the baby’s body and if it is related to body chemistry, then it is called as metabolic birth defect. But in most instance the doctor was unable to find the reason for the baby’s birth defect.

A nurse midwife is a person who is specialized in childbirth and women’s reproductive health and also licensed healthcare professional. Besides handling births, they also carryout annual exams, accord counselling and also write prescriptions. Nurse midwife is the one with abundant capabilities needed for a midwife in the international confederation of  midwives. They also have extraordinary experience as a registered nurse. After accomplishing the registered nursing and midwifery education they are accepted to practice as a nurse midwife and credentialing a certified nurse-midwife. The main aim of CNMs is to provide women a lifetime care including their pregnancy, postpartum period, birth control, and a well women care. Mostly women with possibility of danger receives the care and benefits of midwifery from CNM in collaboration with a physician.

An MFM specialist is a doctor who assist to take care of  women with difficulties in pregnancy and high risk during labor. A mother pregnant with twin babies are considered as complicated pregnancy that is the place where an MFM specialist will be a backbone of a medical team. These doctors are commonly referred as Obstetrician and also, they have undergone 3 years of additional practicing in high risk pregnancy. Thus, they are called as high-risk pregnancy doctors or perinatologists. For women with complicated pregnancies they provide regular prenatal care. They also assist to take care of the mother’s actual health issues like high blood pressure and diabetes. Tests and monitor’s baby’s growth and development by following ultrasound procedure in regular. They also checks for birth defects, heart problems, blood disorders including growing babies and genetic disorders by conducting test such as chorionic villus sampling or umbilical cord sampling and amniocentesis. Provides recommendations by identifying the future risk in the pregnancy.

Bariatric surgery comprises a variety of methods carried out on patients who have obesity. In this surgery weight loss is attained by decreasing the whole size of the stomach by removal of a small portion of the stomach or with gastric band or crossing out and re-directing the small intestine into a small pouch of stomach. There is a need to inform the obstetric about what kind of bariatric surgery have undergone such as gastric band a banding procedure in stomach or Roux-en-Y also known as gastric bypass. To avoid risks in pregnancy the Obstetrician should know whether the patient had any complication of the surgery like blood transfusion or blood clot, second surgeries etc. After bariatric surgery most of the women gets regular menstrual cycle who suffered from irregular menstrual cycle and also the possibilities of gaining pregnancy increases. One of the best suggestions from professionals it is important to wait for 18 months after bariatric surgery to attain a weight loss goals so that they can have a healthy pregnancy. some studies have proven that women getting pregnant immediately after the surgery also had healthy pregnancy and labor, this made possible only by the care and supervision of the Obstetrician closely in their nutrition and weight.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges of ovaries. It is common among women of reproductive age. PCOS is a problem with hormones that affects women during their childbearing years (age’s between15 to 44). 2.2 and 26.7 percent of women in this age group have PCOS. The cause of PCOS is not known, it appears that PCOS may be related to many different factors working together. These factors include insulin resistance, increased levels of hormones called androgens, and an irregular menstrual cycle.

Family planning services are “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility.” ^[1] Family planning may involve consideration of the number of children a woman wishes to have, including the choice to have no children and the age at which she wishes to have them. These matters are influenced by external factors such as marital situation, career considerations, financial position, and any disabilities that may affect their ability to have children and raise them. If sexually active, family planning may involve the use of contraception and other techniques to control the timing of reproduction.

Prenatal care is also known as antenatal care. It is a vital part of staying healthy during pregnancy. It includes regular check-ups during pregnancy.  It helps in decrease risks during pregnancy and increases the chance of a healthy delivery. Timely prenatal visits help in monitoring ones pregnancy and identify the complications before they become serious. Prenatal care ideally starts at least three months before you begin trying to conceive. Postnatal or postpartum care usually starts after the baby is born and lasts about 6–8 weeks. During this period, the mother is advised adequate rest, proper nutrition and other self-care measures as instructed by the family physician.

Urogynaecology is sub-division of gynaecology. Urogynecologists are specially trained medical professionals who treats clinical problems related to dysfunction of the pelvic floor and bladder. In some countries Urogynaecology is also known as Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Some of the disorders in pelvic floor include urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapses and faecal incontinence. Other conditions where urogynaecology is practiced are Cystocele, Enterocele, Female Genital Prolapse, Lichen sclerosis, Overactive Bladder and Rectovaginal fistula. In modern times, Urogynecologists are responsible for the care of women who encounter trauma to the perineum during childbirth. Some of the tests which are performed in urogynaecology pathology include Cystourethroscopy toxin injection, dietary modification, robotic reconstruction, sacral nerve stimulation and urethral injection.